Personal loan EMI uses the reducing-balance formula:
EMI = P × r × (1 + r)n ÷ ((1 + r)n − 1)
- P — loan principal
- r — monthly interest rate (annual rate ÷ 12 ÷ 100)
- n — number of monthly instalments (years × 12)
Because there is no collateral, the rate is the main lever — a 2% difference on a ₹5 lakh loan changes total interest by tens of thousands. Compare the total interest, not just the EMI.